USGS

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USGS National Elevation Dataset (NED)

Creators: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
Publication Date: December 1, 2018
Creators: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)

The USGS National Elevation Dataset (NED) provides seamless, high-resolution digital elevation data for the contiguous United States, Hawaii, Alaska, and U.S. territories. It is widely used in urban and environmental research to characterise terrain and topography. Used in Baum-Snow & Han (2024, Journal of Political Economy) to measure terrain constraints, such as slopes and elevation variation, that affect the feasibility and cost of housing construction across urban areas.

USGS National Land Cover Database (NLCD)

Creators: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium (MRLC)
Publication Date: September 11, 2018
Creators: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium (MRLC)

The National Land Cover Database (NLCD) provides nationwide data on land cover classification across the United States at 30-metre resolution, including categories such as developed land, forests, wetlands, and agricultural areas. Used in Baum-Snow & Han (2024, Journal of Political Economy) to characterise land use constraints and available developable land in the analysis of housing supply patterns at the micro-geographic level.

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